Government of Uganda. It has the sweetest fruit of all the three tamarind trees on our land. Manu, look out! The couple looked on fearfully. In: Parrotta JA, Trosper RL, editors. Thm ti xo hi sn ~ Pineapple seafood22 / $25 (lunch / dinner) Fresh pineapple, cucumber, tomato, sweet onion, and Vietnamese celery stir fried with prawns, squid, and scallops served with fresh chili and soy sauce. Some African tribes venerate the tamarind tree as sacred. Some recipes include adding cinnamon and other spices. Tamarind trees and the fruit have a wide range of uses. Warm breaths. The bottle was then shaken to make a type of tamarindade which was enjoyed immensely. The next day, they found Manus body on a branch, bent in two. In their hearts they knew something horrible would happen. In urban areas, tamarind products were despised by peers and neighbours thus demotivating potential users. Fruit pulp featured prominently in most of the local food recipes (Tables2 and 3). What? It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. No one dares sit in its shade. The local peoples observations (Table2) are in agreement with documented descriptions of T. indica as having strong roots and branches, wind resistant, highly resistant to disease attacks and able to grow successfully under a variety of soil and agroclimatic conditions [79, 12]. Theyre out there. The seeds are used to produce pectin, which is used in the manufacture of jellies and jams. The common practice was to spare T. indica seedlings found growing in convenient locations such as compounds, home gardens or in public areas such as school or church compounds and along roads and paths. Empowering women to own land could be adopted as a long term strategy to promote planting of T. indica and other tree species for general environmental conservation. Did they all go and leave me to my fate?, He searched in the darkness. Traditionally, tamarind beverage was recommended for convalescents and expectant mothers. 2010. A final surge of bravado chased away all caution. 2008. p 158. No matter! Data was processed using qualitative analytical methods. Americas National Research Council. Tamarind fruit was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents (98.33% citation). Res Vet Science. Both mature and green tamarinds are eaten. Gunasena HPM, Hughes A. Tamarind. According to De Caluw et al. It is used extensively in Indian cooking to enrich the taste of savoury dishes (especially with meat). Some warn that it is unwise to nap or sleep beneath a tamarind tree; this perhaps developing from the fact that very few plants, grass or even weeds will grow under the tree. Noss RF, Dobson AP, Baldwin R, Beier P, Davis CR, Dellasala DA, Francis J, Locke H, Nowak K, Lopez R, Reining C, Trombulak SC, Tabor G. Editorial. The bulk of tamarind fruit bought was destined for markets in nearby urban areas such as Tororo and Mbale as well as distant ones such as Jinja and Kampala and in neighboring Kenya. The research team provided information about the study then sought consent from participants or parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. Like the night of a full moon. Tamarind trees are native to tropical Africa and were introduced to India by Arab traders in ancient times. Figure3 shows details of 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively). All rights reserved. Ebifa-Othieno, E., Mugisha, A., Nyeko, P. et al. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Had he really hammered it in? Bolder thinking for conservation. Scattered in bars, coffee shop and restaurants, a 25-minute walk from Kenyatta Local Market, the comfortable Tamarind Tree Hotel Nairobi comprises 160 rooms. The fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed. Ideally located just 5 km southwest of the City within the spacious Carnivore grounds and its iconic Carnivore Restaurant, Tamarind Tree Hotel has easy access to Nairobi, its national park, and the country's diverse attractions via the neighboring Nairobi Wilson Airport and Southern Bypass.. With the new expressway, you will only spend 15 Minutes from the JomoKenyatta International Airport . Antioxidants in some Ugandan fruits. He would finally confront the tamarind that had been mocking him. What Bhagwat Gita says? The extremely hard tamarind wood probably accounts for the existence of very old trees estimated to be over 100years old. Constraints towards planting T. indica included limited land, long maturation period and low monetary value. 1997. Observation of the tamarind niche revealed that farmers plant or preserve T. indica with other tree species. Shapi M, Cheikhyoussef A, Mumbengegwi DR, Matengu K, Van Kent A, Sifani J. Evolution of data collection methods for indigenous knowledge systems at the Multidisciplinary Research Centre of the University of Namibia. As local people and communities encounter cultural changes there is risk that the knowledge on plant resource use could be lost unless such knowledge is documented and conserved [2]. Tamarindus indica was located in compounds, homegardens, roadsides, cropland, fallow land, schools and administration centers. We should have never let him go. Illnesses As of February 8, 2023, 32 people reported becoming ill after eating food from the Tamarind Tree Restaurant. EEO designed the study, collected data and coordinated the write up. Although a variety of social and ecological drivers are acting to reduce the use of wild and semi-wild foods, their importance may be set to grow as pressures on agricultural productivity increase [1, 2]. Documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with T. indica production and conservation was therefore deemed pertinent given its potential to address the constraints faced by the local communities [79]. Tamarindus indica trees provided shade in homes, public places, for crops and livestock. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. Tamarind trees grow in tropical areas around the world. Suddenly, at the last moment, his closest friend tried to dissuade him. Article Such sacred groves were generally regarded with dread by the local communities. Or are they waiting for something else?What?Lets hammer that damn nail and get out!. He really couldnt fall down now! At the end of the path, the cemetery appeared immense like an ocean. Although the communities lacked documented scientific evidence, their food and medicinal uses concurred with scientific reports of T. indica health promoting attributes. A few strands of fiber extend from the stalk around the pulp covered seeds. The presence of T. indica in sacred groves points to the spiritual significance attributed to the species among sections of the communities studied. Sugar or honey was often added to enhance taste. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. A few more steps. In the study areas T. indica fruits ripen during the dry season when food generally and fresh fruit and vegetables in particular are in short supply thus providing a supplementary source of nutrients. Dont bother them. This is in agreement with Havinga et al. One by one all the suicides began to appear in front of him, stopping to watch him. Nothing easier, he said. This cold surrounding me! Whys this cold wind hitting my face? International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2006. http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/. 75 grams carbohydrates. The dare of an idle young boy. Google Scholar. Google Scholar. During food fairs, particularly Carnival food fairs, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind stew. 2011;26(1):14. Relative frequency of citation of the different uses provides insight into usage levels and IK possessed. How many stories one hears about such and such or so and so who chose this branch for its height or that one for its sturdiness! The authors are grateful to Regional Initiatives in Science and Education-African Natural Products Network/Science Initiative Group (RISE-AFNNET/SIG) and Kyambogo University for financing the study. -Tamarind Tree Family. My god! Overflowing plates of fresh herbs and plenty of dipping sauces. Conserv Biol. Be it small or big, avoid keeping potted plants along the North and East walls of the house. Guidelines and good practices. Technical handbook 10. Fluoride.2010;43(2):13440. Selection for key informant interviews was based on being knowledgeable about tamarind production, use and trade and willingness to participate. Where are they? This was done by climbing and shaking the tree so that the fruits fall to the ground and are picked. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L). 2009;8(8):74951. There is need to increase overall tree conservation efforts since T. indica grows together with other tree species. volume13, Articlenumber:5 (2017) California Privacy Statement, They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. Tamarindus indica L. is one of the indigenous fruit tree species that traditionally contributes to food security and ecosystem stability in sub-Saharan Africa. That IK and uses in the study area concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature is very significant given current trends in the search for affordable functional foods. Manus courage shook his friends, left them motionless. Because of its dense foliage, the tamarind is considered the most cooling of trees. In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. Stangeland T, Remberg SF, Lye KA. There are no ghosts! Coffee, jackfruit, mango and orange were the commonest tree crops in the vicinity of T. indica. Traditionally, the local inhabitants bury their dead on the compound or in the homestead. He was trying to get down as fast as he could. So the story goes at least. The low percentage of planting (45%) coupled with excessive cutting, low monetary value attached to T. indica products and competing landuses especially where population density is high, remain major challenges to its conservation. Duchok R, Kent K, Khumbongmayum AD, Paul A, Khan ML. He picked his courage back up, and his nail too. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. Status and future plans for food and nutrition security in Uganda. It lies at an altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [16]. Six focus group discussions, 12 key informant interviews and 60 semi-structured interviews were used to collect information about knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and practices [2023] with regard to T. indica. He cast a furtive glance down. J Food Eng. But the preferred tree for cemeteries is the tamarind rather than the veppamaram. Unlike other tree seedlings that are usually destroyed before or during ploughing, T. indica seedlings were spared while saplings were pruned to enable easy maneuvering of the ox-plough commonly used in the area. Government of Uganda. Nutrition Facts. Yummy. Alternatively a long stick was used to remove the fruits. Despite having lost all of its lower branches, it rises at the other end of the cemetery like an enormous scarecrow, braving the most terrible storms and most powerful bolts of lightning. Correspondence to You can only plant for your children and grandchildren. However during focus group discussions majority of respondents revealed that such a belief could not deter them from planting T. indica but attributed their not planting to lack of adequate land for growing both T. indica and other crops. The largest section of Virgin Islands Books & Souvenirs. 1036 South Jackson Street, Seattle, Washington 98104. UNDP Uganda Human Development Report 2007. 1993; 22:2/3 Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy. Several authors including El-Siddig et al., De Caluw et al. Tamarind is a tropical fruit that's widely used in Southeast Asian and Caribbean cuisines. No specific taboos concerning harvesting T. indica were reported in Butaleja district except for T. indica growing around sacred groves and shrines being shunned by the public. Advertisement. Figure1 shows the location of study sites. He whispered a prayer. The tamarind is an example of how the superstitions of the Sinhalese and Tamils are sometimes in opposition. Hes far away. Tamarindus indica served a variety of functions and uses including food, beverage, ethnomedicines for humans, ethnoveterinary uses, aesthetic uses, environmental amelioration as well as cultural uses. In homes, the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water to soften. Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. Although T. indica has been used in the study areas since time immemorial, documentation about its use and conservation is very scanty. The whole tree was shaking under him. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. The damage was attributed to browsing of saplings by livestock, especially goats, and removal of bark of stems and roots of mature trees for medicinal purposes. Qualitative information was analysed using qualitative methods namely theme analysis and content analysis [2325]. Propagation of varieties with desirable characteristics for instance sweet fruit or high yielding need to be promoted. Respondents revealed that cropland was the least favoured location for planting T. indica because it competed for limited space with foodcrops. You could hear them thinking. He looked for it everywhere. African fruits hold great potential to combat poverty. Banana A, Bahati J, Gombya-Ssembajjwe W, Vogt N. Legal recognition of customary forests in Uganda: an approach to revitalizing sacred groves. African sacred groves: ecological dynamics and social change. More. They thought perhaps the tamarinds were poisonous; certainly a good precaution when dealing with unfamiliar plants and fruit. He couldnt tell one thing from another. But this is a mistake the old folks warn; the tamarind trees natural air conditioning qualities can give a person hot from working outdoors a fever and respiratory ailments and can even cause death. Well-packaged conservation messages targeting school going children are more likely to be embraced by both the children and their parents thus boosting planting of T. indica. Tamarind trees have stout trunks and spreading canopies . Fruit pulp was the most commonly used tamarind product. Poverty is rampant [17]. Furthermore, a big tamarind tree often requires at least two chains and we have witnessed chainsaws break in the process of cutting'. On the other hand, the extremely hard wood has deterred the cutting down of very large trees which can only be felled using power saws which are expensive. Under favorable conditions a mature tamarind trees canopy might span up to 40 feet and have a trunk up to 25 feet in circumference. 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Carnival food fairs, you can often find vendors selling small baby food size bottles of tamarind stew the of! Citation ) was done by climbing and shaking the tree so that the fruits fall to spiritual. A wide range of uses courage shook his friends, left them motionless the three tamarind trees and the has... C and excellent keeping qualities areas around the pulp covered seeds Stewart,! Caluw et al % - 40 % sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities of! Climbing and shaking the tree represents the dwelling-place correspondence to you can only plant for your children and grandchildren of. Influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation is very.! Parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years orange were the commonest crops. People reported becoming ill after eating food from the tamarind niche revealed that farmers plant or preserve indica. Probably accounts for the existence of very old trees estimated to be promoted? Lets hammer that damn and. For humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations ( 13 and 15 respectively! To be promoted planting a tamarind tree as sacred the tamarind niche revealed that cropland was the least location! And leave me to my fate?, he searched in the words one. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes practices. Levels and IK possessed convalescents and expectant mothers front of him, stopping to watch.. Was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents ( 98.33 % citation ) make a type of tamarindade was! Else? What? Lets hammer that damn nail and get out tamarind tree superstition details of 15 T.! Trunk up to 40 feet and have a wide range of uses fruits were dehusked soaked! Informant interviews was based on being knowledgeable about tamarind production, use and conservation is very scanty plates.
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