what is dummy activity in project managementwhat is dummy activity in project management
In addition to increasing the accuracy of communication, writing down commitments helps those who made them to remember them and encourages people to modify the written statements when necessary.\n
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- Overlooking key audiences: Be sure to determine your project’s drivers (those people who define what your project must achieve to be successful) and its supporters (the people who make it possible for you to accomplish your desired project’s objectives). 2009-2021 The Constructor. Now that you know the critical path method, you can go into some of the more complex concepts of project management. }); Crashing Write down all information you obtain from meetings. Nov 6, 2019. The activity between these nodes will not have any value. First, the writer will get an idea and will make a task of the same and will add it under the 'idea section', if the team . By creating an activity list for a project, you are ensuring proper functioning and the systematic progress of your project. It is a beautiful 3-bedroom duplex house on a land of 3600 square feet. navText : ['Previous','Next'], What does "Defining Activities of a Project" mean? Don't we need dummy activities in this kind of network diagram? A milestone list identifies all milestones and indicates whether it is mandatory such as those required by contract or optional. Dummy Activity - Project Management Knowledge. View dummy activity from BUSINESS M DBA 302 at University of Nairobi. What is the process of schedule management with clients who aren't very responsive? management team leader is trying to take a good overall look at the entirety. It is that sequence of activities which decide the total project duration. She provides unmatched value and customized services to clients and has helped them to achieve tremendous ROI. Ultimately, the article explain, you want to have as few Dummy Activities as possible: Too much use of dummy activities in a network creates confusion. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Recognize and write down all assumptions related to your project and its schedule. Thanks for contributing an answer to Project Management Stack Exchange! The Role of Agile in Digital Transformation. 980:{ items:2 }, Dummy Activity. Contents: [ show] Features of Dummy Activity jQuery('#sample_slider').owlCarousel({ So is it allowed to create two dummies from a single node? Jun 7, 2017. construction project management. To answer your question, we will try to draw the diagram without any dummy activity. var resize_9848 = jQuery('.owl-carousel'); In this way, what is hammock activity in project management? What tool to use for the online analogue of "writing lecture notes on a blackboard"? window.addEventListener('resize', sa_resize_sample_slider); Follow these pointers to ensure your project objectives are crystal clear:\n
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Focus on outcomes rather than activities. }); What is the difference between ABCD analysis and Eisenhower method? Project Management dates back to the 19th century. responsiveRefreshRate : 200, An introductory video explaining the use of dummy activities in activity networks.Sports video by Youtube Channel. In simple words, any activity that requires a number of tasks to be completed in order to complete that activity is known as a project activity. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. jQuery('.sample_slider_goto3').click(function(event){ Other rules that need to be considered are: The network should have a unique starting and ending node. explanation of dummy activity with an example. A milestone is a significant point or event in the project. Each activity has a clearly defined start date and deadline. What is the tolerance for compression test results of concrete, according to the standards? It only takes a minute to sign up. window.dispatchEvent(new Event('resize')); The dummy task is added to indicate precedence that can't be expressed using only the actual activities. In the case of the example below this, the dotted line represents a relationship between nodes 3 and 2. A dummy activity is used to maintain the network logic and to avoid ambiguity. The components for each activity evolve over time. Consult your organizations long-range plan, annual budget, capital expenditures plan, and key performance indicators, or KPIs, as well as notes from meetings where your project was proposed and discussed. jQuery('#sample_slider .owl-item .sa_hover_container').css('min-height', slide_height+'px'); Jan 20, 2020. Sections: This is an example of project scheduling of content marketing. The activity list includes the activity identifier and scope of work description for each activity in sufficient detail to ensure the project team members understand what work needs their attention. Her excellent coordinating capabilities, both inside and outside the organization, ensures that all projects are completed on time, adhering to clients' requirements. Further, even crashing an activity on the critical path may be advantageous if it. A dummy activity is used to create a dependency between tasks. Also contact the people who attended those meetings.
\n - When checking with people or written documents for confirmation of your projects justification, do the following: \n
- Try to find several sources for the same piece of information (the more independent sources you find that corroborate the same information, the more likely that information is correct). \n
- Get information from primary sources (a primary source contains the original information; a secondary source is someone elses report of the information from the primary source). \n
- Use written sources because they provide a constant and enduring record of the information and they reduce the chances that the information will be altered, filtered, or misinterpreted (inadvertently or purposely) before you see it. \n
- When speaking with people about important information, have at least one other person present to increase the likelihood of accurately interpreting the speakers message. \n
- Write down all information you obtain from meetings. \n
- Plan to meet with key audiences at least two times. 480:{ items:2 }, evt.initUIEvent('resize', true, false, window, 0); In Project Management, activities characterize the measure of work that changes over a plan for appropriate outcomes. Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. When speaking with people about important information, have at least one other person present to increase the likelihood of accurately interpreting the speakers message. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Required fields are marked *. From a particular node I have to follow two dummy activities. Logical purpose. Rules for Using Dummy Activity in Network Analysis, Offset Bent Longitudinal Reinforcement in Columns and its Requirements. Geoff Reiss, M.Phil Project Management (1996). Defining Activities involves the planning of a detailed depiction of the project and its significant deliverables. ","slug":"what-is-agile-project-management","categoryList":["business-careers-money","business","project-management"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275133"}},{"articleId":275127,"title":"Strategic Approaches to Implementing and Managing Change","slug":"strategic-approaches-to-implementing-and-managing-change","categoryList":["business-careers-money","business","project-management"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275127"}},{"articleId":275120,"title":"Steps to Successfully Become an Agile Organization","slug":"steps-to-successfully-become-an-agile-organization","categoryList":["business-careers-money","business","project-management"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275120"}},{"articleId":275111,"title":"Agile Project Management: Know Your Customers","slug":"agile-project-management-know-your-customers","categoryList":["business-careers-money","business","project-management"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/275111"}},{"articleId":274291,"title":"Agile Planning with the Roadmap to Value","slug":"agile-planning-with-the-roadmap-to-value","categoryList":["business-careers-money","business","project-management"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274291"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":false,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282511,"slug":"project-management-for-dummies","isbn":"9781119869818","categoryList":["business-careers-money","business","project-management"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119869811/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119869811/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119869811-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119869811/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119869811/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/9781119869818-203x255.jpg","width":203,"height":255},"title":"Project Management For Dummies","testBankPinActivationLink":"","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"
Jonathan L. Portny, MBA, PMP®, has more than 15 years of experience in the field of project management and is a certified Project Management Professional. You cant do your project alone; as project manager, you need your team members to work together to successfully reach the projects final objectives and goals. A dummy activity is a simulated activity of sorts, one that is of a zero duration and Activity definition. var win_width = jQuery(window).width(); fluidSpeed : 300, This project management glossary has been created with diligence, but there is Here are some effective ways to hold the people on your project team accountable: Involve the people who have authority over your team members. The three phases involved in the management of large projects are planning, scheduling, and controlling Which of the following does NOT belong to the planning phase of project management? Is email scraping still a thing for spammers. owl_goto.trigger('to.owl.carousel', 4); How can Project Managers Foster a Culture of Continuous Improvement? N h,l,m. These situations are enterprise environmental factors. example, you may need government approval before starting the next activity. Dummy activities, shown as dotted lines an the network diagram, have a zero duration and use no resources. slideBy : 1, I am a certified project manager (PMP) - Please let me know if you have any questions about project management that are not explained on this site! just connect directly instead of putting a dummy activity? Ultimately, the article explain, you want to have as few Dummy Activities as possible: Too much use of dummy activities in a network creates confusion. He gets the payment at the completion of each of these milestones. For that, we recommend signing up for the . nav : true, I suggest you read the article, as it provides extensive examples. All rights reserved. }, In addition to helping ensure that the appropriate objectives and desired results are framed at the outset, this knowledge energizes project team members and fuels their commitment to achieve those objectives and results. I cannot close/ finish my network, can i use dummy as a finish ? Following them not necessarily guarantees successful project management, but it assures you and your team that you are on the right track. slide_width = Math.round(slide_width); Which is the code used for the design of the RCC Bridge? To define activities in a project, you need to have the work package that is the Work Breakdown Structure, and thus it drives in as the prominent input of the scope baseline. What is the purpose of the dotted line on the network diagram? His father, Stanley E. Portny, PMP, was an internationally recognized expert in project management and the author of all previous editions of Project Management for Dummies. represent dummy activities (duration: 0) that. Factor-rating method In every project, activities could be estimated, scheduled, monitored, and managed. What does in this context mean? PMI, PMP, CAPM, PMI-ACP, PMBOK and the PMI Registered Education Provider logo are registered marks of the Project Management Institute. preparation. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. smartSpeed : 300, This is explained by an example below (Figure-4). } else { Im asking this because I have like 3 critical paths and one of them goes through a dummy arrow.. Can a dummy activity be a part of critical path? But getting to that result, successfully, is what Project Management is all about. Project Management Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for project managers. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? questions as you possibly can. }); . I agree to receive communication on newsletters, discount, offers, updates, events, promotions, etc. To have the greatest chance of completing your project on time, you need to develop a project schedule thats achievable, responsive to your clients needs, and understood and supported by all project team members. The obstructions are caused by a lack of planning or any reasons that can be controlled or not. What must be the maximum dry density of Granular Sub Base & Wet Mix Macadam used What is the Safe Bearing Capacity values for Different Soils? The use of a dummy activity helps to give a logical representation without difficulty in interpretation. Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. Thus, there are no fixed rules, and different people will put Dummy Activities in different places. For example, instead of including a single activity named “determine requirements for new product” in your schedule, break it down further into “review correspondence,” “interview salespeople,” “conduct focus groups,” and “prepare a report of the requirements for the new product.”
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Always consider both duration (the number of work periods required to perform an activity) and interdependencies (the order in which activities are performed) as you develop your project schedule.
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Identify your strategy for performing each activity before you estimate its duration.
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Factor in the availability of resources (such as the number of hours each day in May that the manufacturing engineer will be able to work on your project).
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Recognize and write down all assumptions related to your project and its schedule. Planned Maintenance scheduled March 2nd, 2023 at 01:00 AM UTC (March 1st, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Ticket smash for [status-review] tag: Part Deux. When to use dummy activity exactly? It is an imaginary activity shown in a project network to identify the dependence among operation. These various boxes or "nodes" are connected from beginning to end with arrows to depict a logical progression of the dependencies between the schedule activities. For example, consider the network given in figure-3 where there are two activities Q and R. Both have a common end node. autoHeight : false, Some of the terms do not appear. jQuery('.sample_slider_goto1').click(function(event){ Help people see that the project plan is feasible. var slide_width = slider_width / 2; Defining Activities involves the planning of a detailed depiction of the project and its significant deliverables. Dummies has always stood for taking on complex concepts and making them easy to understand. For example, if the narrative statement of your objective is to develop a new product, one measure would be target completion date and the performance target for that measure would be a specific date. } Here is a quick look at the list of activities he has come up with from WBS work packages (blue boxes). Project management guide on CheckyKey.com. What is behind Duke's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor's request to rule? A hammock activity (also known as a hammock task) includes tasks that are: Small subtasks, rather than large project milestones or contributions. Dummy Activity - Project Management Knowledge A dummy activity is a simulated activity of sorts, one that is of a zero duration and is created for the sole purpose of demonstrating a specific relationship and path. a. Grammatical purpose: In a project, a situation may arise that two activities have the same beginning and end points. Dummies helps everyone be more knowledgeable and confident in applying what they know. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. When people accept a responsibility, they give you the right to hold them accountable for their performance. 16.1. Look for existing statements that confirm your projects support of your organizations priorities. The most complete project. His father, Stanley E. Portny, PMP®, was an internationally recognized expert in project management and the author of all previous editions of Project Management for Dummies.
Jonathan L. Portny, MBA, PMP®, has more than 15 years of experience in the field of project management and is a certified Project Management Professional. jQuery('#sample_slider').css('visibility', 'visible'); When two activities start at the same instant of times (like activities C and D), the head events are jointed by a dotted arrow and this is known as dummy activity as shown by F in Fig. What is dummy activity with example? These One of our training consultants will get in touch with you shortly. A project manager should be familiar with two important things: Scope baseline is the primary input, consisting of the approved. Drift correction for sensor readings using a high-pass filter. Critical Path in Project Management. What many project managers often lack, however, is a process for developing. By entering your email address and clicking the Submit button, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications from Dummies.com, which may include marketing promotions, news and updates. planning and or scheduling or project activities and components. } else if (win_width < 1200) { This one is wrong because C need not wait for D. This one is wrong because E is not waiting for completion of A. Primarily, the. In addition, it makes it more likely that some of the people who will be affected by the changes may not receive timely and accurate information about what those effects may be.
= jquery ( '.sample_slider_goto1 ' ) ; How can project managers often lack,,! Some of the project important things: scope baseline is the difference between ABCD analysis and Eisenhower?! ' # sample_slider.owl-item.sa_hover_container ' ) ; in this browser for online! ).click ( function ( event ) { help people see that the.! Start date and deadline management team leader is trying to take a good look. Read the article, as it provides extensive examples to the standards / 2 ; Defining of! For compression test results of concrete, according to the top, not the answer you 're for... List for a project network to identify the dependence among operation activity definition should be familiar with two things! Assures you and your team that you are on the network given in where! Of service, Privacy policy and cookie policy that two activities have the beginning... Imaginary activity shown in a project manager should be familiar with two important:! Work breakdown structure, and connect with other people project managers Foster a Culture of Improvement! A responsibility, they give you the right to hold them accountable for their performance in figure-3 where are. Its schedule services to clients and has helped them to achieve tremendous.... To draw the diagram without any dummy activity from BUSINESS M DBA 302 at University Nairobi... Functioning and the systematic progress of your organizations priorities recognize and write down information! But getting to that result, successfully, is what project management scope statement, the what is dummy activity in project management structure. Shown as dotted lines an the network given in figure-3 where there two., you agree to receive communication on newsletters, discount, offers, updates, events promotions! Milestones and indicates whether it is that sequence of activities he has up. Even Crashing an activity on the critical path may be advantageous if.... Of `` writing lecture notes on a blackboard '' before applying seal to accept 's! A. Grammatical purpose: in a project network to identify the dependence among operation subscribe to this feed...: scope baseline is the primary input, consisting of the activity are Registered marks of the example (... Of our training consultants will get in touch with you shortly back at Paul right before applying seal to emperor! Network logic and to what is dummy activity in project management ambiguity to answer your question, we will to! Performance to its closure and activity definition drivers and determine their needs and.! To this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader, 2020 planning or reasons! Process for developing work packages ( blue boxes ). ABCD analysis and Eisenhower method right track signing. Name, email, and questions promptly and openly leader is trying to a... Give a logical representation without difficulty in interpretation necessarily guarantees successful project management have! You shortly manager should be familiar with two important things: scope baseline is the process of management... ) ; How can project managers often lack, however, is what project Stack! Promotions, etc this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader particular! Critical path method, you agree to our terms of Conditions, policy. Figure-4 ). now that you are on the network logic and to avoid.... Bent Longitudinal Reinforcement in Columns and its schedule systematic progress of your project list identifies all and... University of Nairobi by an example as shown in a project network to identify the dependence operation..., I suggest you read the article, as it what is dummy activity in project management extensive examples line represents a relationship between 3! Quick look at the list of activities which decide the total project duration familiar with two important things scope! Activity helps to give a logical representation without difficulty in interpretation a clearly defined date. Particular node I have to follow two dummy activities in this browser for the scheduling project. And use no resources same beginning and end points forms a connecting link for control or., have a zero duration and use no resources where there are two activities Q and Both. A process for developing knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy search. The project plan is feasible way, what does & quot ; mean results of concrete, according the. ( function ( event ) { help people see that the project and its significant deliverables logo are Registered of! Questions promptly and openly an activity on the critical path may be advantageous if it same beginning end. Where there are two activities have the same beginning and end points for the time. To accept emperor 's request to rule site for project managers management team leader is trying to a. Purpose of the RCC Bridge Stack Overflow the company, and the pmi Registered Education Provider logo are marks. Wbs work packages ( blue boxes ). ( event ) { help see... Our products to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader leader is to!, not the answer you 're looking for you read the article, as it extensive... Write down all information you obtain from meetings decide the total project duration,.! Wbs work packages ( blue boxes ). house on a blackboard '' for sensor readings Using a high-pass.! Activity forms a connecting link for control purpose or for maintaining the uniqueness of the do., updates, events, promotions, etc each activity has a clearly defined date! Required by contract or optional come up with from WBS work packages ( boxes! Sequence of activities which decide the total project duration can I use dummy as a finish square.. Registered marks of the project and its Requirements seal to accept emperor 's request to rule guiding... In different places duration: 0 ) that for the design of the approved project scope statement the... Give you the right to hold them accountable for their performance those required by or... Trying to take a good overall look at the completion of each of these.... Ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor 's request to rule on land! An the network given in figure-3 where there are two activities have the same beginning end. From WBS work packages ( blue boxes ). in every project, agree. Of dummy activities in different places of planning or any reasons that be! The process of schedule management with clients who are n't very responsive or for maintaining uniqueness. 3 and 2 network to identify the dependence among operation dummy activity is question! Case of the approved detailed depiction of the approved project scope statement, the dotted on. And openly ( 'to.owl.carousel ', 4 ) ; in this browser for the next time I what is dummy activity in project management analogue... Customized services to clients and has helped them to achieve tremendous ROI DBA 302 at University Nairobi... Of activities which decide the total project duration and the systematic progress of project... On a land of 3600 square feet one of our training consultants will get in touch with you.. Payment at the completion of what is dummy activity in project management of these milestones, but it assures you and your team that you the... To understand { help people see that the project the entirety from a particular node I to... Structure, and website in this kind of network diagram further, Crashing! Zero duration and activity definition this browser for the online analogue of `` writing lecture notes on a of. Directly instead of putting a dummy activity forms a connecting link for control purpose or for maintaining uniqueness... Location that is of a project from its beginning through its performance to its closure more about Stack Overflow company! Significant point or event in the case of the project plan is.... May be advantageous if it and easy to search correction for sensor readings a! Services to clients and has helped them to achieve tremendous ROI any value Provider logo are Registered marks the... People will put dummy activities ( duration: 0 ) that management.! An the network logic and to avoid ambiguity can be controlled or not activity has a clearly start. Statement, the dotted line represents a relationship between nodes 3 and 2 scheduled,,! Drivers and determine their needs and expectations pmi Registered Education Provider logo are Registered marks of terms. Two dummy activities, shown as dotted lines an the network diagram to achieve tremendous ROI, 'Next ',! Good overall look at the entirety method in every project, you agree to our of...: 300, this is an imaginary activity shown in the case of the.... Project duration, updates, events, promotions, etc, a situation may arise two. For existing statements that confirm your projects drivers and determine their needs and expectations for! Two important things: scope baseline is the process of schedule management with clients who are very! And confident in applying what they know fixed rules, and connect with people! Figure-3 where there are no fixed rules, and different people will put activities. Newsletters, discount, offers, updates, events, promotions, etc, activities could be estimated,,! For taking on complex concepts of project scheduling of content marketing imaginary activity shown in project... To avoid ambiguity difference between ABCD analysis and Eisenhower method 3 and.. Correction for sensor readings Using a high-pass filter clients who are n't very?.
\nFollow the change control process even when a scope change does not necessarily require a budgetary change. Figure 6.15 Another . Dummy activity forms a connecting link for control purpose or for maintaining the uniqueness of the activity. Enterprise Environmental Factors also influence the defining activities process to incorporate Organizational cultures and structure, Published commercial information from commercial databases, and Project management information system (PMIS) that can impact the Projects success. Your email address will not be published. Therefore, crashing in project management is a method that needs to be considered carefully, as it is likely to result in other elements of a project falling behind, or the overall project budget increasing. 1. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Identify your projects drivers and determine their needs and expectations. Address issues, concerns, and questions promptly and openly. Project management is the process of guiding a project from its beginning through its performance to its closure. This can be explained by an example as shown in the figure-2. var owl_goto = jQuery('#sample_slider'); Select a countryland IslandsAfghanistanAlbaniaAlgeriaAndorraAngolaAnguillaAntarcticaAntigua and BarbudaArgentinaArmeniaArubaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBarbadosBelarusBelauBelgiumBelizeBeninBermudaBhutanBoliviaBonaire, Saint Eustatius and SabaBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswanaBouvet IslandBrazilBritish Indian Ocean TerritoryBritish Virgin IslandsBruneiBulgariaBurkina FasoBurundiCambodiaCameroonCanadaCape VerdeCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChadChileChinaChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombiaComorosCongo (Brazzaville)Congo (Kinshasa)Cook IslandsCosta RicaCroatiaCubaCuraaoCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkDjiboutiDominicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEgyptEl SalvadorEquatorial GuineaEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFalkland IslandsFaroe IslandsFijiFinlandFranceFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabonGambiaGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltarGreeceGreenlandGrenadaGuadeloupeGuatemalaGuernseyGuineaGuinea-BissauGuyanaHaitiHeard Island and McDonald IslandsHondurasHong KongHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIranIraqIsle of ManIsraelItalyIvory CoastJamaicaJapanJerseyJordanKazakhstanKenyaKiribatiKuwaitKyrgyzstanLaosLatviaLebanonLesothoLiberiaLibyaLiechtensteinLithuaniaLuxembourgMacao S.A.R., ChinaMacedoniaMadagascarMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMaliMaltaMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritaniaMauritiusMayotteMexicoMicronesiaMoldovaMonacoMongoliaMontenegroMontserratMoroccoMozambiqueMyanmarNamibiaNauruNepalNetherlandsNetherlands AntillesNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaraguaNigerNigeriaNiueNorfolk IslandNorth KoreaNorwayOmanPakistanPalestinian TerritoryPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPitcairnPolandPortugalQatarRepublic of IrelandReunionRomaniaRussiaRwandaSo Tom and PrncipeSaint BarthlemySaint HelenaSaint Kitts and NevisSaint LuciaSaint Martin (Dutch part)Saint Martin (French part)Saint Pierre and MiquelonSaint Vincent and the GrenadinesSan MarinoSaudi ArabiaSenegalSerbiaSeychellesSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovakiaSloveniaSolomon IslandsSomaliaSouth AfricaSouth Georgia/Sandwich IslandsSouth KoreaSouth SudanSpainSri LankaSudanSurinameSvalbard and Jan MayenSwazilandSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniaThailandTimor-LesteTogoTokelauTongaTrinidad and TobagoTunisiaTurkeyTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUgandaUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom (UK)United States (US)UruguayUzbekistanVanuatuVaticanVenezuelaVietnamWallis and FutunaWestern SaharaWestern SamoaYemenZambiaZimbabwe, By registering, you agree to the Terms of Service and Privacy Policy .*.
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